Switching circuit

ABSTRACT

A first transistor is turned on based on a first control signal provided to a first terminal of the first transistor. A second control signal is generated by a logic device based on a first input signal and a second input signal. The first input signal is controlled by a logical value stored by a keeper circuit and based on the first control signal, and the second input signal is generated by inverting the first control signal. A second transistor is turned on based on the second control signal provided to a first terminal of the second transistor. A second terminal of the first transistor is coupled with a second terminal of the second transistor.

PRIORITY CLAIM

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.13/765,475, filed Feb. 12, 2013, which claims priority of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/640,509, filed on Apr. 30, 2012,and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,953,405 on Feb. 10, 2015, both of whichare incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIELD

The present disclosure is related to a switching circuit.

BACKGROUND

Some transistors in integrated circuits are typical transistors. Sometransistors switch slower than the typical transistors, and are calledtransistors in the slow corner. Some transistors switch faster than thetypical transistors, and are called transistors in the fast corner.

In a memory array, various power switches or transistors are placed atinput-output (IO) circuits and at decoder circuits in the row or Xdirection of the memory array. During a wake up time of the memoryarray, particularly at high operational voltage values and/or when thetransistors are in the fast corner, many transistors are turned on alltogether in a short period of time, which causes a large wake upcurrent.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The details of one or more embodiments of the disclosure are set forthin the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other featuresand advantages will be apparent from the description, drawings, andclaims.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a memory macro, in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 2A is a diagram of a circuit illustrating connections of variouscircuits and corresponding footer circuits of the memory macro in FIG.1, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2B is a diagram of a circuit illustrating connections of a globalinput-output circuit, a delay circuit, a footer circuit, and a controlcircuit of the circuit in FIG. 2A, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3A is a diagram of a circuit illustrating an implementation of aninverter in FIG. 2B and corresponding circuits used to control theinverter, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3B is a diagram of a circuit illustrating an implementation ofanother inverter in FIG. 2B and a corresponding circuit used to controlthe inverter, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a table of operations of the circuit in FIG. 2B, in accordancewith some embodiments.

FIG. 5A is a diagram of a circuit illustrating connections of variouscircuits and corresponding header circuits of the memory macro in FIG.1, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5B is a diagram of a circuit illustrating connections of a globalinput-output circuit, a delay circuit, a header circuit, and a controlcircuit of the circuit in FIG. 5A, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6A is a diagram of a circuit illustrating an implementation of aninverter in FIG. 5B and corresponding circuits used to control theinverter, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6B is a diagram of a circuit illustrating an implementation ofanother inverter in FIG. 5B and a corresponding circuit used to controlthe inverter, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a table of operations of the circuit in FIG. 5B, in accordancewith some embodiments.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments, or examples, illustrated in the drawings are disclosedbelow using specific language. It will nevertheless be understood thatthe embodiments and examples are not intended to be limiting. Anyalterations or modifications in the disclosed embodiments, and anyfurther applications of the principles disclosed in this document arecontemplated as would normally occur to one of ordinary skill in thepertinent art.

Some embodiments have at least one of the following features and/oradvantages. A wake up surge current is controlled at high operationalvoltage values and fast process corners, while satisfying a short wakeup specification at low operational voltage values and slow processcorners. In some embodiments, when the operational voltage value ishigh, a first transistor is turned on first to provide enough current towake up corresponding circuits. A second transistor is turned on after apredetermined time delay. The first and the second transistors serve asa current path for the corresponding circuits. As a result, the surgecurrent at wake up is controlled to an acceptable value. When theoperational voltage value is low, the first transistor and the secondtransistor are turned on at about the same time.

Memory Macro

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a static random access memory (SRAM) macro100, in accordance with some embodiments. SRAM is used for illustration.Other types of memories are within the scope of various embodiments.

Memory macro 100 is symmetrical. For example, with reference to decoders112, local control circuits (LCTRLs) 114, and global control circuit(GCTRL) 110, circuit elements on the left side are similar to circuitelements on the right side of memory macro 100. For another example,memory macro 100 includes two memory arrays, one on the left side andone on the right side. For illustration, one memory array on the rightside is labeled as a memory array 138 that has a width X and a height Y.

Memory macro 100 includes a plurality of memory segments 104. Two memorysegments 104 are shown for illustration. A different number of memorysegments 104 is within the scope of various embodiments. Each segment104 includes four memory banks 102, two memory banks on the left and twomemory banks on the right. On each left and right side of memory macro100, two memory banks 102 share a row of a plurality of localinput-output circuits (LIOs) 106. Memory cells in a memory bank 102 arearranged in rows and columns. As a result, memory cells in a memorysegment 104 and in a memory array 138 are also arranged in rows andcolumns. Different configurations of a memory segment 104 are within thescope of various embodiments.

X-address decoders 112, labeled as decoders 112, provide addresses ofmemory cells to be accessed for a read or a write operation in the X orrow direction. Local control circuits (LCTRLs) 114 control LIOs 106.Global input-output circuits (GIO) 116 serve to transfer data betweenmemory cells and circuits outside of memory macro 100. A global controlcircuit (GCTRL) 110 provides the address pre-decode, clock, and othersignals for memory macro 100. GCTRL 110 also controls the data transferbetween memory cells and circuits outside of memory macro 100.

Exemplary Circuits with Footers

FIG. 2A is a diagram of a circuit 200, in accordance with someembodiments. Circuit 200 is used to illustrate connection of GIOs 116 inFIG. 1 with corresponding footer circuits 213.

Each footer circuit or footer 213-1 to 213-L corresponds to a GIO 116.For illustration, L number of GIOs 116 from GIO 116-1 to GIO 116-L areshown. Similarly, L number of corresponding footers 213-1 to 213-L areshown. A footer 213 serves as a current path for the corresponding GIO116. Each footer 213 includes a pair of N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor(NMOS) transistors N1 and N2. In some embodiments, during the wake uptime of memory macro 100 and thus GIOs 116, transistors N1 and N2 areturned on at different times or at the same time depending on thevoltage value of operational voltage VDD. For example, when operationalvoltage value VDD is high, transistor N1 is turned on first, andtransistor N2 is turned on after a predetermined time delay. Incontrast, when operational voltage value VDD is low, both transistors N1and N2 are turned on at about the same time. In some embodiments,footers 213 are called current circuits because footers 213 serve ascurrent paths for GIOs 116. Footers 213 are also called switchingcircuits because transistors N1 and N2 in a footer 213 are switched onand off to turn GIO 116 on and off, respectively.

A delay circuit 210 receives a control signal SLPb from a controlcircuit 242 and generates a control signal SLPb_dly delayed from controlsignal SLPb by a time delay T210 (not labeled). In some embodiments,delay circuit 210 includes a plurality of delay elements 212-1 to 212-L.Each delay element 212 corresponds to a GIO 116 and a footer 213.Control signals SLPb and SLPb_dly are used to turn on transistors N1 andN2 of footer 213 at different times.

Control circuit 242 provides control signal SLPb to delay circuit 210and to gates of transistors N1 of footer circuits 213. Control circuit242 also receives control signal SLPb_dly, and based on control signalSLPb_dly, generates a control signal on node E that is received by gatesof transistors N2 of footers 213. Because the control signal on node Econtrols transistors N2, effectively, transistors N2 of footers 213 arecontrolled by control signal SLPb_dly. In some embodiments, controlcircuit 242 is used with a row of GIOs 116 of memory macro 100. In otherwords, a row of GIOs 116 includes L GIOs 116 in both the left side andthe right side of memory macro 100. GIOs 116 are used for illustration.In some embodiments, a decoder 112 is used in place of GIO 116, andanother control circuit similar to control circuit 242 is used with acolumn of decoders 112. In some embodiments, control circuit 242 is partof GCTRL 110 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 2B is a diagram of a circuit 250, in accordance with someembodiments. Circuit 250 is used to illustrate an operation of GIO 116,footer 213, delay circuit 210, and control circuit 242.

NMOS transistors N1 and N2 in footer 213 serve as current paths for GIO116. Effectively, transistors N1 and N2 turn on or turn off GIO 116. Forexample, when both transistors N1 and N2 are turned off, footer 213functions as an open circuit, and is electrically disconnected from GIO116. But when both transistors N1 and N2 are completely turned on, bothtransistors N1 and N2 function as current paths for a current Iio toflow through the drains and the sources of transistors N2 and N1. Insome embodiments, the sources of both transistors N1 and N2 receive areference voltage VSS, which, in some embodiments is ground.Effectively, current Iio flows from GIO 116 through transistors N1 andN2 to ground.

In some embodiments, when memory macro 100 is in the wake up mode, ifoperational voltage VDD is above a predetermined voltage value that isconsidered a high operating voltage condition, transistor N1 is turnedon first. Transistor N2 is then turned on after a predetermined periodof time T210, which will be explained below. But when the value foroperating voltage value VDD is below the predetermined voltage valuethat is considered a low operating voltage condition, both transistorsN1 and N2 are turned on at about the same time. In some embodiments, ahigh operating voltage value of operational voltage VDD is about 110% ofa nominal value of operating voltage VDD while a low value ofoperational voltage VDD is about 90% of the nominal value of operatingvoltage VDD, and the nominal value of operating voltage VDD is 0.9 V.

For illustration, current Iio in the high operating voltage value VDD iscalled Iioh (not labeled) while current Iio in the low operating voltagevalue is called current Iiol (not labeled). In some embodiments,transistors N1 and N2 are sized such that a current ratio Irat (notlabeled) is about 1/3. Mathematically, Irat=Iiol/Iioh=1/3.

Delay circuit 210 generates time delay T210 that delays signal SLPb atthe output of control circuit 242 or at the gate of transistor N1. Forexample, signal SLPb_dly at gates of an NMOS transistor N3 and a p-typemetal-oxide-semiconductor (PMOS) transistor P1 is signal SLPb at thegate of transistor N1 delayed by time delay T210. Signal SLPb_dly isthen used to turn on and off NMOS transistor N3 and PMOS transistor P1,which determines a logical value of a signal on node D. The controlsignal on node E is affected by the signal on node D, and is used toturn on and off transistor N2. Effectively, transistor N2 is turned onand off based on control signal SLPb_dly. In some embodiments, timedelay T210 is selected such that transistor N2 of footer circuit 213that is farthest from a sub-control circuit 245, is turned on after timedelay T210. An example of the farthest circuit is circuit 213-L in FIG.2A. As a result, in some embodiments, by the time delay T210 has passedfrom the start of signal SLPb at the output of control circuit 245,transistors N2 in a row are ready to be turned on, and generate a surgecurrent in an acceptable range.

In some embodiments, a delay element 212 of delay circuit 210 includes apair of inverters. In other words, an inverter pair 212 corresponds toGIO 116 in FIG. 2A. Circuit 210 is shown with a plurality of inverterpairs 212 is for illustration. Other circuits providing a time delayT210 are within the scope of various embodiments.

A logic circuit in the form of a NOR gate 215 provides a signal at theoutput of NOR gate 215 at node E or at the gate of transistor N2 to turnon or off transistor N2. For example, when both signals on nodes D and Fat the inputs of NOR gate 215 are logically low, a signal on node E islogically high, which turns on NMOS transistor N2.

An inverter 220 inverts signal SLPb to generate a signal on node F at aninput of NOR gate 215.

Gates of PMOS transistor P1 and NMOS transistor N3 are coupled togetherand are configured to receive signal SLPb_dly. When signal SLPb_dly islogically low, PMOS transistor P1 is turned on while NMOS transistor N3is turned off. But when signal SLPb_dly is logically high, PMOS P1transistor is turned off while NMOS transistor N3 is turned on. PMOStransistor P1 is used to control inverter 225. For example, when signalSLPb_dly at a gate of transistor P1 is logically low, transistor P1 isturned on, which, in turns, turns on inverter 225. In such a situation,the signal on node D is an inverse of a signal on node Cb at the inputof inverter 225. Effectively, PMOS transistor P1 controls the signal onnode D. In contrast, when signal SLPb_dly is logically high, transistorP1 is turned off, which also turns off inverter 225. The logical valueof node D is then provided by NMOS transistor N3. Effectively, NMOStransistor N3 also controls the signal on node D. For example, when thesignal on node D is logically high, and NMOS transistor N3 is turned on,NMOS transistor N3 pulls the signal on node D to ground or a logical lowvalue at the source of NMOS transistor N3.

Signal SLPb and signal SLP are complements of each other. For example,when signal SLPb is logically low, signal SLP is logically high, andvice versa. Further, when signal SLP is logically high and signal SLPbis logically low, inverter 230 is turned on, and inverts the signal onnode C to provide the signal on node Cb. But when signal SLP islogically low and signal SLPb is logically high, inverter 230 is turnedoff. The signal on node Cb is provided by a voltage keeper circuit 233or voltage keeper 233. In some embodiments, the logical value stored involtage keeper 233 is the previous logical value of node Cb.

An inverter 235 and a PMOS transistor P2 form a latch. For example, whena signal on node B is logically high, the signal on node C is logicallylow and turns on PMOS transistor P2. As a result, the signal on node Bcontinues to be logically high because the signal on node B is pulled tooperational voltage VDD (not labeled) at the source of PMOS transistorP2. But when node C is logically high, transistor P2 is turned off,inverter 235 inverts a logical value on node B to provide an inversedlogical value on node C.

A PMOS transistor P3 and an NMOS transistor N4 form an inverterinverting a signal on node A to the signal on node B. In someembodiments, when the signal on node A is logically high, butoperational voltage VDD is low, the low voltage value of the logicalhigh value on node A is not sufficient to turn on transistor N4.

An NMOS transistor N5 serves as a current path for NMOS transistor N4.For example, when transistor N5 is turned on, current IB flows throughthe source of transistor N5, which receives reference voltage VSS orground, in some embodiments. But when transistor N5 is turned off,transistors N4 and N5 function as an open circuit.

An inverter 240 inverts signal SLPb to provide the signal on node A.

FIG. 3A is a diagram of a circuit 300A, in accordance with someembodiments. Circuit 300A is an implementation of inverter 230 in FIG.2B and additional transistors configured to receive control signals SLPband SLP.

A PMOS transistor P310 and an NMOS transistor N310 are used to turn onor turn off inverter 230 that includes a PMOS transistor P315 and anNMOS transistor N315, for PMOS transistor P315 and NMOS transistor N315to perform the inverting function. For example, when signal SLPb islogically low and signal SLP is logically high transistors P310 and N310are turned on. When the signal on node C is logically low, PMOStransistor P315 is turned on while NMOS transistor N315 is turned off.As a result, the signal on node Cb is pulled to voltage VDD or a logicalhigh value at the source of PMOS transistor P310. In contrast, when thesignal on node C is logically high, PMOS transistor P315 is turned offwhile NMOS transistor N315 is turned on. The signal on node Cb istherefore pulled to ground or a low logical value at the source oftransistor N310. When signal SLPb is logically high and signal SLP islogically low, transistors P310 and N310 are turned off, and inverter230 functions as an open circuit.

FIG. 3B is a diagram of a circuit 300B, in accordance with someembodiments. Circuit 300B is an implementation of inverter 225 and PMOStransistor P1.

PMOS transistor P1 is used to turn on or turn off a PMOS transistor P365and an NMOS transistor N365, for PMOS transistor P365 and NMOStransistor N365 to perform the inverting function. For example, whensignal SLPb_dly is logically low, PMOS transistor P1 is turned on. Whenthe signal on node Cb is logically low, PMOS transistor P365 is turnedon while NMOS transistor N365 is turned off. As a result, the signal onnode D is pulled to voltage VDD or a high logical value at the source ofPMOS transistor P1. In contrast, when the signal on node Cb is logicallyhigh, PMOS transistor P365 is turned off while NMOS transistor N365 isturned on. As a result, the signal on node D is pulled to ground or alow logical value at the source of NMOS transistor N365. When signalSLPb_dly is logically high, however, PMOS transistor P1 is turned off,and inverter 225 functions as an open circuit.

Normal Read or Write Mode

FIG. 4 is a table 400 of operations of circuit 250, in accordance withsome embodiments. In the below illustrations, unless otherwise stated,circuit 250 has been in the corresponding state longer than time delayT210. As a result, the logical value of signal SLPb_dly is the same asthe logical value of signal SLPb.

With reference to line 410, circuit 250 operates in the normal read(“R”) or write (“W”) mode. Signal SLPb at the gate of NMOS transistorsN1 is logically high. As a result, transistor N1 is turned on.Transistor N2 is also turned on as explained below. Both transistors N1and N2 function as current paths for GIO 116. For example, current Iioflows through the drains and the sources of transistors N1 and N2 incircuit 250 in FIG. 2B.

Signal SLP is an inverse of signal SLPb, and is therefore logically low.Node F has a signal inversed from signal SLPb, and is therefore logicallow. Node A has a signal inversed from signal SLPb through inverter 240,and is therefore logically low. Node B is logically high through theinverter formed by PMOS transistor P3 and NMOS transistor N4. Similarly,node C is logically low through invert 235.

Because signal SLPb is logically high and signal SLP is logically low,inverter 230 is turned off. As a result, node Cb is “x” indicatingeither a low or a high logical value because node Cb has a logical valuestored in voltage keeper 233.

Signal SLPb_dly at the gates of NMOS transistor N3 and PMOS transistorP1 being logically high turns on NMOS transistor N3 and turns off PMOStransistor P1. As a result, the signal on node D is pulled to ground ora logical low value at the source of NMOS transistor N3. Because bothsignals on nodes D and F are logically low, the signal on node E islogically high. As a result, NMOS transistor N2 is turned on.

Sleep Mode with a Low Operational Voltage VDD

With reference to line 420, circuit 100 operates in a sleep mode whenoperational voltage VDD has a low voltage value of about 90% of typicaloperational voltage VDD value.

In this mode, signal SLPb at the gate of NMOS transistor N1 is logicallylow. As a result, transistor N1 is turned off. Transistor N2 is alsoturned off as explained below.

Signal SLP is an inverse of signal SLPb, and is therefore logicallyhigh.

Node F has a signal inversed from signal SLPb, and is thereforelogically high. Because node F is logically high, by operation of NORgate 215, the signal on node E is logically low regardless of thelogical value of the signal on node D. As a result, NMOS transistor N2is turned off.

Node A has a signal inversed from signal SLPb through inverter 240, andis therefore logically high.

Because operational voltage VDD has a low value of 90% of typicalvoltage VDD, the high logical value of node A is not sufficient to turnon transistor N4. As a result, transistors N4 and N5 are turned off, andhave no electrical effect on node B. As a result, node B continues tohave a high logical value from the previous state provided by PMOStransistor P2.

Node C is logically low through invert 235. Because signal SLPb islogically low and signal SLP is logically high, inverter 230 is turnedon, and node Cb is logically high through inverter 230.

Signal SLPb_dly at the gates of NMOS transistor N3 and PMOS transistorP1 being logically low turns off transistor N3 and turns on PMOStransistor P1. Therefore, inverter 225 is turned on, and transistor N3has no electrical effect on node D. As a result, the signal on node D isinverted from the signal on node Cb through inverter 225, and has a lowlogical value.

Because node F is logically high and node D is logically low, the signalon node E is logically low. As a result, NMOS transistor N2 is turnedoff.

Because signal SLPb is logically low and signal SLP is logically high,inverter 230 is on.

Sleep Mode with a High Operational Voltage VDD

With reference to line 430, circuit 250 operates in the sleep mode whenoperational voltage VDD has a high voltage value of about 110% oftypical operational voltage VDD value.

In this mode, signal SLPb at the gate of NMOS transistors N1 islogically low. As a result, transistor N1 is turned off. Transistor N2is also turned off as explained below.

Signal SLP is an inverse of signal SLPb, and is therefore logicallyhigh.

Node F has a signal inversed from signal SLPb, and is thereforelogically high. Because node F is logically high, by operation of NORgate 215, the signal on node E is logically low regardless of thelogical value of the signal on node D. As a result, NMOS transistor N2is turned off.

Node A has a signal inversed from signal SLPb through inverter 240, andis therefore logically high.

When operational voltage VDD has a high voltage value, NMOS transistorsN4 and N5 are turned on. As a result, node B is pulled to ground or alow logical value at the source of transistor N5. Node C is logicallyhigh through inverter 235. Node Cb is logically low through inverter230.

Signal SLPb_dly at the gate of NMOS transistor N3 being logically lowturns off NMOS transistor N3 and turns on PMOS transistor P1. TransistorN3 therefore has no electrical effect on node D. Transistor P1 beingturned on turns on inverter 225. As a result, the signal on node D isinverted from the signal on node Cb, and therefore has a high logicalvalue.

Because node F is logically high, and node D is logically high, thesignal on node E is logically low, which turns off transistor N2.

Because signal SLPb is logically low and signal SLP is logically high,inverter 230 is on.

Wake Up to the Normal Read or Write Mode when Operational Voltage Valueis Low

With reference to line 440, circuit 250 transitions from a wake up modeto a normal read or write mode when operational voltage VDD is at a lowvoltage value, such as 90% of the typical operational voltage VDD value.

Signal SLPb at the gate of NMOS transistor N1 is logically high. As aresult, transistor N1 is turned on. Transistor N2 is also turned on asexplained below.

Signal SPLb_dly is signal SPLb delayed by delay time T210, and is alsologically high. Signal SLP is an inverse of signal SLPb, and islogically low.

Node F has a signal inversed from signal SLPb, and is logically low.

Node A has a signal inversed from signal SLPb through inverter 240, andis logically low.

Because node A is logically low, transistor P3 is turned on, and node Bis pulled to voltage VDD at the source of PMOS transistor P3 or alogical high value. Node C is therefore logically low by operation ofinverter 235.

Because signal SLPb is logically high and signal SLP is logically low,inverter 230 is turned off. Node Cb, however, is logically high based onthe data provided by voltage keeper 233.

Signal SLPb_dly at the gates of NMOS transistor N3 and PMOS transistorP1 being logically high turns on NMOS transistor N3 and turns off PMOStransistor P1. As a result, the signal on node D is pulled to ground ora low logical value at the source of transistor N3.

Because both signals on nodes D and F are logically low, the signal onnode E is logically high, which turns on transistor N2.

Because signal SLPb is logically high and signal SLP is logically low,inverter 230 is off.

Wake Up to the Normal Read or Write Mode when Operational Voltage Valueis High

With reference to line 450, circuit 250 transitions from the wake upmode to the normal read or write mode when operational voltage VDD is ata high voltage value such as 110% of the typical operational voltageVDD. In this example, both transistors N1 and N2 are initially turnedoff. Signal SLPb is provided but time period T210 has not completelyelapsed.

Signal SLPb at the gate of NMOS transistor N1 is logically high. As aresult, transistor N1 is turned on. Transistor N2, however, continues tobe turned off as explained below.

Signal SLP is an inverse of signal SLPb, and is therefore logically low.

Node F has a signal inversed from signal SLPb, and is thereforelogically low.

Node A has a signal inversed from signal SLPb through inverter 240, andis therefore logically low.

Because node A is logically low, PMOS transistor P3 is turned on, whichpulls node B to voltage VDD or a high logical value at the source oftransistor P3. Node C is logically low through inverter 235. As aresult, PMOS transistor P2 is turned on and keeps node B at the highlogical value by pulling node B to voltage VDD at the source of PMOStransistor P2.

Because signal SLPb is logically high and signal SPL is logically low,inverter 230 is turned off. Node Cb is provided by the data stored involtage keeper 233, which is the previous logical value of node Cb.

Since time delay T210 has not completely passed, signal SLPb_dly at thegates of NMOS transistor N3 and PMOS transistor P1 continues to belogically low even though signal SLPb is logically high. As a result,NMOS transistor N3 is turned off and PMOS transistor P1 is turned on.The signal on node D is inverted from the signal on node Cb, andtherefore is logically high.

Because the signal on node D is logically high and the signal on node Fis logically low, the signal on node E is logically low. As a result,NMOS transistor N2 continues to be turned off.

Because signal SLPb is logically high and signal SLP is logically low,inverter 230 is off.

After time T210 has elapsed, circuit 250 is in the normal read or writemode. The data of corresponding signals and nodes is the same as that online 410. For example, after time T210 has elapsed, signal SLPb_dly atthe gates of NMOS transistor N3 and PMOS transistor P1 is logically highbecause signal SLPb is logically high. As a result, PMOS transistor P1and inverter 225 are turned off. At the same time, NMOS transistor N3 isturned on, and pulls node D to ground or the low logical value at thesource of transistor N3. Because both nodes D and F are logically low,node E is logically high, and NMOS transistor N2 is turned on.

In some existing approaches, one transistor is used to turn on or turnoff GIO 116. The size of the transistor is large compared with the sizeof NMOS transistor N1 of the present disclosure. Various embodiments ofthe disclosure are advantageous because when circuit 250 is in the highoperating voltage condition, NMOS transistor N1 is turned on, but NMOStransistor N2 is turned off. NMOS transistor N1 consumes a smalleramount of current and therefore results in a surge current smaller thanthat of some existing approaches.

Exemplary Circuits with Headers

FIG. 5A is a diagram of a circuit 500, in accordance with someembodiments. Circuit 500 is used to illustrate connection of GIOs 116 inFIG. 1 with corresponding header circuits 513.

Each header circuit or header 513-1 to 513-L corresponds to a GIO 116.For illustration, L number of GIOs 116 from GIO 116-1 to GIO 116-L areshown. Similarly, L number of corresponding headers 513-1 to 513L areshown. A header 513 serves as a current path for the corresponding GIO116. Each header 513 includes a pair of PMOS transistors MP1 and MP2. Insome embodiments, during the wake up time of memory macro 100 and thusGIOs 116, transistors MP1 and MP2 are turned on at different times or atthe same time depending on the voltage value of operational voltage VDD.For example, when operational voltage value VDD is high, transistor MP1is turned on first, and transistor MP2 is turned on after apredetermined time delay. In contrast, when operational voltage valueVDD is low, both transistors MP1 and MP2 are turned on at about the sametime. In some embodiments, headers 513 are called current circuitsbecause headers 513 serve as current paths for GIOs 116. Headers 513 arealso called switching circuits because NMOS transistors N1 and N2 in aheader 513 are switched on or off to turn a corresponding GIO 116 on oroff, respectively.

A delay circuit 510 receives a control signal PSLP from a controlcircuit 542 and generates a control signal PSLP_dly delayed from controlsignal PSLP by a time delay T510 (not labeled). In some embodiments,delay circuit 510 includes a plurality of delay elements 512-1 to 512-L.Each delay element 512 corresponds to a GIO 116 and a header 513.Control signals PSLP and PSLP_dly are used to turn on transistors MP1and MP2 of header 513 at different times.

Control circuit 542 provides control signal PSLP to delay circuit 510and to gates of PMOS transistors MPlof header circuits 513. Controlcircuit 542 also receives control signal PSLP_dly, and, based on controlsignal PSLP_dly, generates a control signal on node PE that is receivedby gates of transistors MP2 of headers 513. Because the control signalon node PE controls PMOS transistors MP2, effectively, PMOS transistorsMP2 of headers 513 are controlled by control signal PSLP_dly. In someembodiments, control circuit 542 is used with a row of GIOs 116 ofmemory macro 100. In other words, a row of GIOs 116 includes L number ofGIOs 116 in both the left side and the right side of memory macro 100.GIOs 116 are used for illustration. In some embodiments, a decoder 112is used in place of a GIO 116, and another control circuit similar tocontrol circuit 542 is used with a column of decoders 112. In someembodiments, control circuit 542 is part of GCTRL 110 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5B is a diagram of a circuit 550, in accordance with someembodiments. Circuit 550 is used to illustrate an operation of GIO 116,header 513, delay circuit 510, and control circuit 542.

PMOS transistors MP1 and MP2 in header 513 serve as current paths forGIO 116. Effectively, transistors MP1 and MP2 turn on or turn off GIO116. For example, when both transistors MP1 and MP2 are turned off,header 513 functions as an open circuit, and is electricallydisconnected from GIO 116. But when both transistors MP1 and MP2 arecompletely turned on, both transistors MP1 and MP2 function as currentpaths for a current PIio to flow through the sources and the drains oftransistors MP2 and MP1. In some embodiments, the sources of bothtransistors MP1 and MP2 receive operational voltage VDD. Effectively,current PIio flows from the node of operational voltage VDD throughtransistors MP1 and MP2 and GIO 116.

In some embodiments, when memory macro 100 is in the wake up mode, ifoperational voltage VDD is above a predetermined voltage value that isconsidered a high operating voltage condition, transistor MP1 is turnedon first. Transistor MP2 is then turned on after a predetermined periodof time T510, which will be explained below. But when the value foroperating voltage value VDD is below the predetermined voltage valuethat is considered a low operating voltage condition, both transistorsMP1 and MP2 are turned on at about the same time. In some embodiments, ahigh operating voltage value of operational voltage VDD is about 110% ofnominal value of operating voltage VDD while a low value of operationalvoltage VDD is about 90% of the nominal value of operating voltage VDD,and the nominal value of operating voltage VDD is 0.9 V.

For illustration, current PIio in the high operating voltage value VDDis called PIioh (not labeled) while current PIio in the low operatingvoltage value is called current PIiol (not labeled). In someembodiments, transistors MP1 and MP2 are sized such that a current ratioPlrat (not labeled) is about 1/3. Mathematically, Plrat=PIiol/PIioh=1/3.

Delay circuit 510 generates time delay T510 that delays signal PSLP atthe output of control circuit 542 or at the gate of transistor MP1. Forexample, signal PSLP_dly at gates of a PMOS transistor MP3 and an NMOStransistor MN1 is signal PSLP at the gate of transistor MP1 delayed bytime delay T510. Signal PSLP_dly is then used to turn on and off PMOStransistor MP3 and NMOS transistor MN1, which determines a logical valueof the signal on node PD. The signal on node PE is affected by thesignal on node PD, and is used to turn on and off transistor MP2.Effectively, transistor MP2 is turned on and off based on control signalPSLP_dly. In some embodiments, time delay T510 is selected such thattransistor MP2 of circuit 513 that is farthest from a sub-controlcircuit 545, is turned on after time delay T510. An example of thefarthest circuit is circuit 513-L in FIG. 5A. As a result, in someembodiments, by the time time delay T510 has passed from the start ofsignal PSLP at the output of control circuit 545, transistors MP2 in arow are ready to be turned on, and generate a surge current in anacceptable range.

In some embodiments, a delay element 512 of delay circuit 510 includes apair of inverters. In other words, an inverter pair 512 corresponds toGIO 116 in FIG. 5A. Circuit 510 is shown with a plurality of inverterpairs 512 is for illustration. Other circuits providing a time delayT510 are within the scope of various embodiments.

A logic circuit in the form of a NAND gate 515 provides a signal at theoutput of NAND gate 515 at node PE or at the gate of transistor MP2 toturn on or off transistor MP2. For example, when both signals on nodesPD and PF at the inputs of NAND gate 215 are logically high, a signal onnode PE is logically low, which turns on PMOS transistor MP2.

An inverter 520 inverts signal PSLP to generate a signal on node PF atan input of NAND gate 515.

Gates of NMOS transistor MN1 and PMOS transistor MP3 are coupledtogether and are configured to receive signal PSLP_dly. When signalPSLP_dly is logically high, NMOS transistor MN1 is turned on while PMOStransistor MP3 is turned off. But when signal PSLP_dly is logically low,NMOS transistor MN1 is turned off while PMOS transistor MP3 is turnedon. NMOS transistor MN1 is used to control inverter 525. For example,when signal PSLP_dly at a gate of transistor MN1 is logically high,transistor MN1 is turned on, which, in turn, turns on inverter 525. Insuch a situation, the signal on node PD is an inverse of a signal onnode PCb at the input of inverter 525. Effectively, transistor MN1controls the signal on node PD. In contrast, when signal PSLP_dly islogically low, transistor MN1 is turned off, which also turns offinverter 525. The logical value of node PD is then provided by PMOStransistor MP3. Effectively, PMOS transistor MP3 also controls thesignal on node PD. For example, when the signal on node PD is logicallyhigh, and PMOS transistor MP3 is turned on, PMOS transistor MP3 pullsthe signal on node PD to operational voltage VDD or a logical high valueat the source of PMOS transistor MP3.

Signal SLPb and signal SLP are complements of each other. For example,when signal SLPb is logically low, signal SLP is logically high, andvice versa. Further, when signal SLP is logically high and signal SLPbis logically low, inverter 530 is turned on, and inverts a signal onnode PC to provide the signal on node PCb. But when signal SLP islogically low and signal SLPb is logically high, inverter 530 is turnedoff. The signal on node PCb is provided by a voltage keeper circuit 533or voltage keeper 533. In some embodiments, the logical value stored involtage keeper 533 is a previous logical value of node PCb.

An inverter 535 and an NMOS transistor MN2 form a latch. For example,when a signal on node PB is logically low, the signal on node PC islogically high and turns on NMOS transistor MN2. As a result, the signalon node PB continues to be logically low because the signal on node PBis pulled to reference voltage VSS (not labeled) at the source of NMOStransistor MN2. But when node PC is logically low, transistor MN2 isturned off, inverter 535 inverts the logical value on node PB to providean inversed signal on node PC.

An NMOS transistor MN3 and a PMOS transistor MP4 form an inverterinverting a signal on node PA to the signal on node PB. In someembodiments, when the signal on node PA is logically low, butoperational voltage VDD is high, the high voltage value of the logicallow value on node PA is not sufficient to turn on PMOS transistor MP4.

A PMOS transistor MP5 serves as a current path for PMOS transistor MP4.For example, when transistor MP5 is turned on, current PIB flows fromthe source of transistor MP5, which receives operational voltage VDD.But when transistor MP5 is turned off, transistors MP4 and MP5 functionas an open circuit.

An inverter 540 inverts signal PSLP to provide the signal on node PA.

FIG. 6A is a diagram of a circuit 600A, in accordance with someembodiments. Circuit 600A is an implementation of inverter 530 andadditional transistors configured to receive control signals PSLPb andPSLP.

An NMOS transistor MN610 and a PMOS transistor MP610 are used to turn onor turn off inverter 530 that includes a PMOS transistor MP615 and anNMOS transistor MN615, for PMOS transistor MP615 and NMOS transistorMN615 to perform the inverting function. For example, when signal PSLPbis logically low and signal PSLP is logically high transistors MP610 andMN610 are turned on. When the signal on node PC is logically low, PMOStransistor MP615 is turned on while NMOS transistor MN615 is turned off.As a result, the signal on node PCb is pulled to voltage VDD or alogical high value at the source of PMOS transistor MP610. In contrast,when the signal on node PC is logically high, PMOS transistor MP615 isturned off while NMOS transistor MN615 is turned on. The signal on nodePCb is therefore pulled to ground or a low logical value at the sourceof transistor MN610. When signal SLPb is logically high and signal SLPis logically low, transistors MP610 and MN610 are turned off, andinverter 530 functions as an open circuit.

FIG. 6B is a diagram of a circuit 600B, in accordance with someembodiments. Circuit 600B is an implementation of inverter 525 and NMOStransistor MN1.

NMOS transistor MN1 is used to turn on or turn off a PMOS transistorMP665 and an NMOS transistor MN665 for PMOS transistor MP665 and NMOStransistor MN665 to perform the inverting function. For example, whensignal PSLP_dly is logically high, transistor MN1 is turned on. When thesignal on node PCb is logically high, PMOS transistor MP665 is turnedoff while NMOS transistor MN665 is turned on. As a result, the signal onnode PD is pulled to voltage VSS or ground or a low logical value at thesource of NMOS transistor MN1. In contrast, when the signal on node PCbis logically low, PMOS transistor MP665 is turned on while NMOStransistor MN665 is turned off. As a result, the signal on node PD ispulled to operational voltage VDD or a high logical value at the sourceof PMOS transistor MP665. When signal PSLP_dly is logically low,however, NMOS transistor MN1 is turned off, and inverter 525 functionsas an open circuit.

Normal Read or Write Mode

FIG. 7 is a table 700 illustrating operations of circuit 550, inaccordance with some embodiments. In the below illustrations, unlessotherwise stated, circuit 550 has been in the corresponding state longerthan time delay T510. As a result, the logical value of signal PSLP_dlyis the same as that of signal PSLP.

With reference to line 710, circuit 550 operates in the normal read(“R”) or write (“W”) mode. Signal PSLP at the gate of PMOS transistorsMP1 is logically low. As a result, transistor MP1 is turned on.Transistor MP2 is also turned on as explained below. Both transistorsMP1 and MP2 function as current paths for GIO 116. For example, currentPIio flows through the sources and the drains of transistors MP1 and MP2and GIO 116 in circuit 550 in FIG. 5B.

Signal PSLPb is an inverse of signal PSLP, and is therefore logicallyhigh. Node PF has a signal inversed from signal PSLP, and is thereforelogical high. Node PA has a signal inversed from signal PSLP throughinverter 540, and is therefore logically high. Node PB is logically lowthrough the inverter formed by NMOS transistor MN3 and PMOS transistorMP4. Similarly, node PC is logically high through invert 535.

Because signal PSLP is logically low and signal PSLPb is logically high,inverter 530 is turned off. As a result, node PCb is “x” indicatingeither a low or a high logical value because node PCb has a logicalvalue stored in voltage keeper 533.

Signal PSLP_dly at the gates of PMOS transistor MP3 and NMOS transistorMN1 being logically low turns on PMOS transistor MP3 and turns off NMOStransistor MN1. As a result, the signal on node PD is pulled tooperational voltage VDD or a high logical value at the source of PMOStransistor MP3. Because both signals on nodes PD and PF are logicallyhigh, the signal on node PE is logically low. As a result, PMOStransistor MP2 is turned on.

Sleep Mode with a Low Operational Voltage VDD

With reference to line 720, circuit 550 operates in the sleep mode whenoperational voltage VDD has a low voltage value of about 90% of typicaloperational voltage VDD value.

In this mode, signal PSLP at the gate of PMOS transistors MP1 islogically high. As a result, transistor MP1 is turned off. TransistorMP2 is also turned off as explain below.

Signal PSLPb is an inverse of signal PSLP, and is therefore logicallylow.

Node PF has a signal inversed from signal PSLP, and is thereforelogically low. Because node PF is logically low, by operation of NANDgate 515, the signal on node PE is logically high regardless of thelogical value of the signal on node PD. As a result, PMOS transistor MP2is turned off.

Node PA has a signal inversed from signal PSLP through inverter 540, andis therefore logically low.

When operational voltage VDD has a low voltage value, PMOS transistorsMP4 and MP5 are turned on. As a result, node PB is pulled to operationalvoltage VDD or a high logical value at the source of PMOS transistorMP5. Node PC is logically high through inverter 535. Node PCb islogically low through inverter 530.

Signal PSLP_dly at the gate of PMOS transistor MP3 being logically highturns off PMOS transistor MP3 and turns on NMOS transistor MN1.Transistor MP3 therefore has no electrical effect on node PD. TransistorMN1 being turned on turns on inverter 525. As a result, the signal onnode PD is inverted from the signal on node PCb, and therefore has ahigh logical value.

Because node PF is logically low, and node D is logically high, thesignal on node PE is logically high, which turns off transistor MP2.

Because signal PSLP is logically high and signal PSLPb is logically low,inverter 530 is on.

Sleep Mode with a High Operational Voltage VDD

With reference to line 730, circuit 550 operates in the sleep mode whenoperational voltage VDD has a high voltage value of about 110% oftypical operational voltage VDD value.

In this mode, signal PSLP at the gate of PMOS transistor MP1 islogically high. As a result, transistor MP1 is turned off. TransistorMP2 is also turned off as explained below.

Signal PSLPb is an inverse of signal PSLP, and is therefore logicallylow.

Node PF has a signal inversed from signal PSLP, and is thereforelogically low. Because node PF is logically low, by operation of NANDgate 515, the signal on node PE is logically high regardless of thelogical value of the signal on node PD. As a result, PMOS transistor MP2is turned off.

Node PA has a signal inversed from signal PSLP through inverter 540, andis therefore logically low.

Because operational voltage VDD has a high value of 110% of typicalvoltage VDD, the low logical value of node PA is too high and is notsufficiently low to turn on PMOS transistor MP4. As a result, PMOStransistors MP4 and MP5 are turned off, and have no electrical effect onnode PB. As a result, node PB continues to have a high logical valuefrom the previous state provided by PMOS transistor MP2.

Node PC is logically low through inverter 535. Because signal PSLP islogically high and signal PSLPb is logically low, inverter 530 is turnedon, and node PCb is logically high through inverter 530.

Signal PSLP_dly at the gates of PMOS transistor MP3 and NMOS transistorMN1 being logically high turns off PMOS transistor MP3 and turns on NMOStransistor MN1. Therefore, inverter 525 is turned on, and transistor MP3has no electrical effect on node PD. As a result, the signal on node PDis inverted from the signal on node PCb through inverter 525, and has alow logical value.

Because node PF is logically high and node PD is logically low, thesignal on node E is logically high. As a result, PMOS transistor MP2 isturned off.

Because signal PSLP is logically high and signal PSLPb is logically low,inverter 530 is on.

Wake Up to the Normal Read or Write Mode when Operational Voltage Valueis Low

With reference to line 740, circuit 550 transitions from a wake up modeto a normal read or write mode when operational voltage VDD is at a lowvoltage value, such as 90% of the typical operational voltage VDD value.

Signal PSLP at the gate of PMOS transistor MP1 is logically low. As aresult, transistor MP1 is turned on. Transistor MP2 is also turned on asexplained below.

Signal PSPL_dly is signal PSPL delayed by delay time T510, and is alsologically low. Signal PSLPb is an inverse of signal PSLP, and islogically high.

Node PF has a signal inversed from signal PSLP, and is logically high.

Node PA has a signal inversed from signal PSLP through inverter 540, andis logically high.

Because node PA is logically high, transistor MN3 is turned on, and nodePB is pulled to reference voltage VSS or ground at the source of NMOStransistor MN3 or a logical low value. Node PC is therefore logicallyhigh by operation of inverter 535.

Because signal PSLP is logically low and signal PSLPb is logically high,inverter 530 is turned off. Node PCb, however, is logically low based onthe data provided by voltage keeper 533.

Signal PSLP_dly at the gates of PMOS transistor MP3 and NMOS transistorMN1 being logically low turns on PMOS transistor MP3 and turns off NMOStransistor MN1. As a result, the signal on node PD is pulled tooperational voltage VDD or a high logical value at the source oftransistor MP3.

Because both signals on nodes D and F are logically high, the signal onnode E is logically low, which turns on PMOS transistor MP2.

Because signal PSLP is logically low and signal PSLPb is logically high,inverter 530 is off.

Wake Up to the Normal Read or Write Mode when Operational Voltage Valueis High

With reference to line 750, circuit 550 transitions from the wake upmode to the normal read or write mode when operational voltage VDD is ata high voltage value such as 110% of the typical operational voltageVDD. In this example, both transistors MP1 and MP2 are initially turnedoff. Signal PSLP is provided but time period T510 has not completelyelapsed.

Signal PSLP at the gate of PMOS transistor MP1 is logically low. As aresult, transistor MP1 is turned on. Transistor MP2, however, continuesto be turned off as explained below.

Signal PSLPb is an inverse of signal PSLP, and is therefore logicallyhigh.

Node PF has a signal inversed from signal PSLP, and is thereforelogically high.

Node PA has a signal inversed from signal PSLP through inverter 540, andis therefore logically high.

Because node PA is logically high, NMOS transistor MN3 is turned on,which pulls node PB to reference voltage VSS or a low logical value atthe source of transistor MN3. Node PC is logically high through inverter535. As a result, NMOS transistor MN2 is turned on and keeps node PB atthe low logical value by pulling node PB to voltage VSS at the source ofNMOS transistor MN2.

Because signal PSLP is logically low and signal PSPLb is logically high,inverter 530 is turned off. Node PCb is provided by the data stored involtage keeper 533, which is a previous logical value of node PCb.

Since time delay T510 has not completely passed, signal PSLP_dly at thegates of PMOS transistor MP3 and NMOS transistor MN1 continues to belogically high even though signal PSLP is logically low. As a result,PMOS transistor MP3 is turned off and NMOS transistor MN1 is turned on.The signal on node PD is inverted from the signal on node PCb, andtherefore is logically low.

Because the signal on node PD is logically low and the signal on node PFis logically high, the signal on node PE is logically high. As a result,PMOS transistor MP2 continues to be turned off.

Because signal PSLP is logically low and signal PSLPb is logically high,inverter 530 is off.

After time T510 has completely elapsed, circuit 550 is in the normalread or write mode. The data of corresponding signals and nodes is asthe same as the data on line 710. For example, after time T510 haselapsed, signal PSLP_dly at the gates of PMOS transistor MP3 and NMOStransistor MN1 is logically low because signal PSLP is logically low. Asa result, NMOS transistor MN1 and inverter 525 are turned off. At thesame time, PMOS transistor MP3 is turned on, and pulls node PD tooperational voltage VDD or a high logical value at the source of PMOStransistor MP3. Because both nodes PD and PF are logically high, node PEis logically low, and transistor MP2 is turned on.

In some existing approaches, one transistor is used to turn on or turnoff GIO 116. The size of the transistor is large compared with the sizeof transistor MP1 of the present disclosure. Various embodiments of thedisclosure are advantageous because when circuit 550 is in the highoperating voltage condition, transistor MP1 is turned on, but transistorMP2 is turned off. Transistor MP1 consumes a smaller amount of currentand therefore results in a surge current smaller than that of someexisting approaches.

A number of embodiments have been described. It will nevertheless beunderstood that various modifications may be made without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, various transistorsbeing shown as a particular dopant type (e.g., N-type or P-type MetalOxide Semiconductor (NMOS or PMOS)) are for illustration purposes.Embodiments of the disclosure are not limited to a particular type.Selecting different dopant types for a particular transistor is withinthe scope of various embodiments. The low or high logical value ofvarious signals used in the above description is also for illustration.Various embodiments are not limited to a particular level when a signalis activated and/or deactivated. Selecting different levels is withinthe scope of various embodiments. In various embodiments, a transistorfunctions as a switch. A switching circuit used in place of a transistoris within the scope of various embodiments.

In some embodiments, a method comprises turning on a first transistorbased on a first control signal provided to a first terminal of thefirst transistor, and generating a second control signal by a logicdevice based on a first input signal and a second input signal. Thefirst input signal is controlled by a logical value stored by a keepercircuit and based on the first control signal, and the second inputsignal is generated by inverting the first control signal. The methodfurther comprises turning on a second transistor based on the secondcontrol signal provided to a first terminal of the second transistor. Asecond terminal of the first transistor is coupled with a secondterminal of the second transistor.

In some embodiments, a circuit comprises a first transistor, a secondtransistor, a keeper circuit, and a logic device. A first terminal ofthe first transistor is configured to receive a first control signal. Asecond terminal of the first transistor is coupled with a secondterminal of the second transistor. A first terminal of the secondtransistor is coupled with an output of the logic device. A first inputof the logic device is configured to receive a first input signalcontrolled by a logical value stored by the keeper circuit, the logicalvalue being set based on the control signal. A second input of the logicdevice is configured to receive a second input signal inverted from thefirst control signal.

In some embodiment, a circuit comprises a plurality of current circuits,a control circuit comprising a keeper circuit, and a plurality ofsub-circuits. Each current circuit of the plurality of current circuitsis configured to be controlled based on a first control signal and asecond control signal from the control circuit, and is configured as acurrent path for a corresponding sub-circuit of the plurality ofsub-circuits. The control circuit is configured to generate a secondcontrol signal based on a logical value stored in the keeper circuit,the logical value being set based on the first control signal.

The above examples include exemplary steps, but the steps are notnecessarily performed in the order shown. Steps may be added, replaced,changed order, and/or eliminated as appropriate, in accordance with thespirit and scope of disclosed embodiments.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: turning on a firsttransistor based on a first control signal provided to a first terminalof the first transistor; generating a second control signal by a logicdevice based on a first input signal and a second input signal, thefirst input signal controlled by a logical value stored by a keepercircuit and based on the first control signal, the second input signalgenerated by inverting the first control signal; and turning on a secondtransistor based on the second control signal provided to a firstterminal of the second transistor, wherein a second terminal of thefirst transistor is coupled with a second terminal of the secondtransistor.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transistortogether with the second transistor corresponds to a global input-outputcircuit or to a decoder circuit of a memory macro.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the second terminal of the first transistor coupledwith the second terminal of the second transistor is coupled with aglobal input-output circuit or a decoder circuit of a memory macro. 4.The method of claim 1, further comprising setting the logical valuestored by the keeper circuit according to a value of an operatingvoltage of a memory macro.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstinput signal is further controlled by applying a delay signal delayed bya time delay from the first control signal regardless of the logicalvalue stored by the keeper circuit.
 6. A circuit comprising: a firsttransistor; a second transistor; a keeper circuit; and a logic device,wherein a first terminal of the first transistor is configured toreceive a control signal; a first terminal of the second transistor iscoupled with an output of the logic device; a second terminal of thefirst transistor is coupled with a second terminal of the secondtransistor; a first input of the logic device is configured to receive afirst input signal controlled by a logical value stored by the keepercircuit, the logical value being set based on the control signal; and asecond input of the logic device is configured to receive a second inputsignal inverted from the control signal.
 7. The circuit of claim 6,further comprising an inverter circuit configured to output the logicalvalue to the keeper circuit based on a value of an operating voltage ofthe circuit.
 8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the inverter circuit isfurther configured to output the logical value at a first value when theoperating voltage is above a first predetermined threshold and at asecond value different from the first value when the operating voltageis below a second predetermined threshold value.
 9. The circuit of claim7, wherein the inverter circuit is further configured to be switched offwhen the control signal is at a first logic state and switched on whenthe control signal is at a second logic state different from the firstlogic state.
 10. The circuit of claim 6, further comprising a delaycircuit configured to generate a delay signal delayed by a time delay,the delay circuit comprising: an input configured to receive the controlsignal; and an output configured to provide the delay signal from thecontrol signal to an inverter circuit coupled to the first input of thelogic device.
 11. The circuit of claim 10, wherein the inverter circuitis configured to receive the logical value from the keeper circuit. 12.The circuit of claim 11, wherein the inverter circuit is furtherconfigured to invert the logical value stored by the keeper circuit whenthe delay signal is at a first logic state.
 13. The circuit of claim 12,wherein the inverter circuit is further configured to be switched offwhen the delay signal is at a second logic state different from thefirst logic state.
 14. A circuit comprising: a plurality of currentcircuits; a control circuit comprising a keeper circuit; and a pluralityof sub-circuits, wherein each current circuit of the plurality ofcurrent circuits is configured to be controlled based on a first controlsignal and a second control signal from the control circuit and isconfigured as a current path for a corresponding sub-circuit of theplurality of sub-circuits; and the control circuit is configured togenerate the second control signal based on a logical value stored bythe keeper circuit, the logical value being set based on the firstcontrol signal.
 15. The circuit of claim 14, wherein a sub-circuit ofthe plurality of sub-circuits includes an input-output or a decodercircuit of a memory macro.
 16. The circuit of claim 14, wherein eachcurrent circuit of the plurality of current circuits comprises: a firsttransistor configured to receive the first control signal at a firstterminal of the first transistor; and a second transistor configured toreceive the second control signal at a first terminal of the secondtransistor, wherein a second terminal of the first transistor is coupledwith a second terminal of the second transistor and with a correspondingsub-circuit of the plurality of sub circuits.
 17. The circuit of claim14, wherein the logical value stored by the keeper circuit is set basedon a value of an operating voltage of the plurality of sub-circuits. 18.The circuit of claim 14, further comprising a delay circuit configuredto provide a third control signal delayed from the first control signalby a time delay, wherein the second control signal is further based onthe third control signal.
 19. The circuit of claim 18, wherein eachcurrent circuit of the plurality of current circuits comprises a firsttransistor and a second transistor; and for each current circuit, thefirst transistor is configured to turn on before the second transistorbased on the time delay.
 20. The circuit of claim 14, wherein thecontrol circuit further comprises a logic device and an inverter; anoutput of the logic device is configured to provide the second controlsignal; an output of the inverter is configured to provide a first inputsignal to a first input of the logic device; an input of the inverter isconfigured to receive the logical value stored by the keeper circuit;and a second input of the logic device is configured to receive a secondinput signal inversed from the first control signal.